The pursuit of this aim led them to revolt against William in favour of Robert in the Rebellion of 1088, under the leadership of the powerful Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who was a half-brother of William the Conqueror. The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler. Since the younger William and his brother Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of their lords, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other, or both. The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Īccording to William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, William Rufus was "well set his complexion florid, his hair yellow of open countenance different coloured eyes, varying with certain glittering specks of astonishing strength, though not very tall, and his belly rather projecting." England and France Įngraving of the Great Seal of William II A brawl broke out, and their father had to intercede to restore order. William's contemporary, chronicler Orderic Vitalis, wrote about an incident that took place at L'Aigle in Normandy in 1077 or 1078: William and Henry, having grown bored with casting dice, decided to make mischief by emptying a chamber pot onto their brother Robert from an upper gallery, thus infuriating and shaming him. Records indicate strained relations between the three surviving sons of William I. Constance, who married the Duke of Brittany.The existence of sisters Adeliza and Matilda is not absolutely certain, but four sisters are more securely attested: William succeeded to the throne of England on his father's death in 1087, but Robert inherited Normandy. Richard died around 1075 while hunting in the New Forest. He was the third of four sons born to William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, the eldest being Robert Curthose, the second Richard, and the youngest Henry. William's exact date of birth is not known, but it was some time between the years 10. He had extended Anglo-Norman rule in Wales, brought Scotland firmly under his lordship, recovered Maine, and kept up the pressure on the Vexin." He had maintained good order and satisfactory justice in England and restored good peace to Normandy. Barlow noted, "His chivalrous virtues and achievements were all too obvious. Historian Frank Barlow observed William was " rumbustious, devil-may-care soldier, without natural dignity or social graces, with no cultivated tastes and little show of conventional religious piety or morality-indeed, according to his critics, addicted to every kind of vice, particularly lust and especially sodomy." On the other hand, he was a wise ruler and victorious general. His younger brother Henry I hurriedly succeeded him as king. Circumstantial evidence in the behaviour of those around him raises strong, but unproven, suspicions of murder. He died after being hit by an arrow while hunting, under circumstances that remain unclear. He did not marry nor have children, which-along with contemporary accounts-has led historians to speculate on homosexuality or bisexuality. William was a figure of complex temperament, capable of both bellicosity and flamboyance. William is commonly referred to as William Rufus ( Rufus being Latin for "the Red"), perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. 1056 – 2 August 1100), the third son of William the Conqueror, was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland.
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